The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide for Economists
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide for Economists
P to the historical fertility transition, which took place in most of Europe and North America between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, married women could expect eight or more births. Today many women do not have children at all. For centuries, the elasticity of fertility with respect to incomes was positive. Today it is zero or even negative. The fertility transition forms a...
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This paper questions the proposition that fertility was invariably high among populations before the fertility transition. By examining factors affecting pre-transition fertility based on the evidence from Japan and India in the pre-World War II period, together with that from England and Germany in the traditional period, it suggests that in most historical populations fertility was below the ...
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Economic explanations for the fertility transition focus on the role of returns to schooling, especially for women, which have encouraged women to obtain more education and facilitated the rise in women’s wages relative to men’s. The private opportunity costs of children have therefore increased, and parents have been motivated to substitute child schooling for additional births Declines in fer...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Economic Literature
سال: 2011
ISSN: 0022-0515
DOI: 10.1257/jel.49.3.589